鍛造是金屬塑性加工的重要方法之一。鍛造的主要目的是:成形和改性(機(jī)械性能和內(nèi)部組織的改善)。其中后者是其他工藝方法難以實(shí)現(xiàn)的,另外鍛造生產(chǎn)還具有節(jié)約金屬、生產(chǎn)效率高、靈活性大等優(yōu)點(diǎn)。 

通過鍛造能使鑄造組織中的疏松、氣孔壓實(shí)，把粗大的鑄造組織(樹枝狀晶粒)擊碎成細(xì)小的晶粒,并形成纖維組織。當(dāng)纖維組織沿著零件輪廓合理地分布時(shí)，能提高零件的機(jī)械性能。因而，鍛制成的零件強(qiáng)度高,可承受更大的沖擊載荷。在承受同樣大小沖擊載荷的情況下，鍛制零件尺寸可以減小,即節(jié)省了金屬。例如，美國(guó)用315MN 水壓機(jī)模鍛F-102 殲272 個(gè)零件和3200 個(gè)螺釘，使飛機(jī)質(zhì)量減輕了擊機(jī)上的整體大梁，取代了45.5~54.5kg。

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Forging is one of the important methods of metal plastic processing. The main purpose of forging is: forming and modification (mechanical properties and improvement of internal structure). The latter is difficult to achieve by other process methods, and the forging production also has the advantages of saving metal, high production efficiency, and great flexibility.

By forging, the looseness and pores in the cast structure can be compacted, and the coarse cast structure (dendritic grains) is crushed into fine crystal grains, and the fibrous structure is formed. When the fiber structure is reasonably distributed along the contour of the part, the mechanical properties of the part can be improved. Thus, the forged parts are high in strength and can withstａnd greater impact loads. With the same magnitude of impact load, the size of the forged part can be reduced, ie metal is saved. For example, in the United States, 315 MN hydraulic presses were used to die for F-102 殲 272 parts and 3,200 screws, which reduced the overall quality of the aircraft and replaced the overall girders on the aircraft, replacing 45.5~54.5kg.